Non-destructive investigation of polished stone implements found in Hungary: Methodology and case studies

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In hard rock geology, to break, cut, pulverizing, or in one word, destroying the samples is the correct way of sample preparation and investigation protocol. During the investigation of pieces of cultural heritage, like paintings, jewelry and sculptures, using nondestructive or micro-invasive methods are important to save these unique and unrepeatable items, especially when they are intact, good quality objects with detailed archaeological or historical records. This is the correct approach during the investigation of remnants of stone age, especially when we are facing with unique, rare and intact items, even if their value is not as close as a Renaissance painting has. Since the beginnings of the archaeometry, it was always a large problem, how to achieve as much information as we can, without to harm or destroy these objects with incredible historical background. During the development of analysis techniques, multiple answers were revealed, which can support the results of each other, however, none of them able to give all necessary answers alone. In this PhD dissertation a non-destructive way of investigation has been presented, which can provide textural and mineral chemical information about polished stone implements from the Neolithic era, and usefulness and limitations of this method has been proven with a series of case studies.

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