Development of photocatalytic nanocomposite membranes for enhanced treatment of oily wastewaters

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This study demonstrated a complex research about the development of composite nanomaterial-modified, photocatalytically active membranes used for the treatment of oily wastewater. It presents a deep review of oily wastewaters, highlighting the advantages and the barriers of membrane filtration in the treatment of oily wastewaters. It was presented how membrane modification appears as an important step to avoid fouling and flux reduction which are still the major limitation to the application of these technologies. The modification methods by adding nanomaterials were also explained: blending, coating, and grafting methods. In addition, it was demonstrated how super hydrophilic photocatalytic membranes are promising for the treatment of oil-contaminated waters because of their simultaneous efficiency in both degrading and separating organic pollutants from the feedwater, resulting in membranes with self-cleaning properties and good anti-fouling properties. The review showed the limitations of TiO2 and presented other photocatalytic composite nanomaterials that can be activated with high efficiency by UV or even by visible/solar light, demonstrating huge potential to (i). enhance membrane performance and antifouling properties, (ii). be cost-effective, (iii). enable chemical-free membrane cleaning, iv. improve the degradation of pollutants, possibly by the utilization of a cost-free light source – the Sun. A key aspect of this research is the enhancement of membrane performance through the application of photocatalytic nanomaterials. TiO2, BiVO4, and CNT in composites with PVP pore former addition were employed to improve the filtration efficiency, fouling resistance, and photocatalytic activity of PVDF membranes. The research aimed to synthesize BiVO4 photocatalyst and evaluate its addition onto membrane surfaces, evaluating filtration performance and recoverability. In addition, it aimed to investigate the effects of various membrane fabrication conditions on membrane properties and performances to develop phase-inversion made PVDF membranes with desired properties. The effects of experimental conditions were analyzed by CCD statistical analysis. After this, the addition of CNT and/or BiVO4 to the TiO2-PVDF and TiO2-PVP/PVDF membranes was also evaluated considering their photocatalytic efficiencies and filtration performance using three different modification methods (blending, coating, and grafting). Overall, this research underscores the potential of PVDF membranes enhanced with photocatalytic nanoparticles for efficient oily wastewater treatment. The exploration of different coating materials, fabrication conditions, and modification methods drives avenues for optimizing membrane performance in terms of filtration efficiency, fouling resistance, and photocatalytic activity.

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